DRCABC
When approaching the scene of an accident or emergency, follow the DRCABC action plan.
  • Danger
  • Response
  • Cervical
  • Airway
  • Breathing
  • Circulation
D - Check for danger
  • To yourself, others, and to the casualty
  • Make sure that no one else gets hurt. You will not be able to help if you are also a casualty
  • Only proceed if it is safe to do so
R - Check for response
  • Is the casualty conscious?
  • Gently shake the casualty and ask: "Can you hear me?" or "What is your name?"
  • If the casualty is conscious, check for and manage bleeding and others injuries
  • If the casualty id unconscious, execute ABC
C - Check for Cervical
  • Check the casualty spinal at the neck for neck fracture
  • A neck fracture casualty MUST be handled carefully
A - Clean and open Airway
  • With the casualty supported on the side, tilt the head backwards using head-tilt-chin-lift method
  • Place one hand high on the casualty's forehead and support the chin with the other hand. Gently tilt the head backwards and lift the jaw forward
  • Open the mouth and clear any foreign objects. Only remove dentures if loose or broken
B - Check for Breathing
  • Look for the chest raising and falling, listen for the sound of breathing, and feel the exhaling warm air with your cheek
  • Make sure that no one else gets hurt. You will not be able to help if you are also a casualty· If the casualty breathing, place the casualty in the recovery position. Check for and manage bleeding and others injuries
  • If the casualty is not breathing, commerce EAR (Expired Air Resuscitation), give 2 rescue breaths
  • Kneel beside the casualty and keep the casualty's head tilted back. Pinch the casualty's nostrils with your fingers or seal with your cheek. Lift the jaw forward and upward with the other hand an avoid pressure on the neck. Take a deep breath and open your mouth wide, placing it firmly over the casualty's mouth making an airtight seal. Breathe firmly into the casualty's mouth to inflate the lungs and remove your mouth
C - Check for circulation
  • Check carotid pulse (located at the neck, groove behind the Adam's apple) for 5 seconds
  • If pulse present, continue EAR at the rate of 12 breaths per minute. If breathing returns, place the casualty in the recovery position. Check for and manage bleeding and others injuries
  • If pulse is not present, begin CPR (Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation), alternating 15 chest compressions to 2 breaths of artificial ventilation, aiming for a rate of about 60 chest compressions to 8 breaths of artificial ventilation per minute
  • Check carotid pulse every minute and continue CPR until help arrives or the casualty can breathe on his own or you are not able to continue giving CPR.
  • If pulse returns, place the casualty in the recovery position. Check for and manage bleeding and other injuries
PRACTICAL
  1. You are on the way to college. There is a road accident happen in front of you. As a first aider, what you should do? (Hint: Apply DRABC and body checking)